20 May 2026 · 6 min read

Spain's Larga Duración: permanent residence after five years

After five years of continuous legal residence in Spain, you can apply for Residencia de Larga Duración — long-term residence. It ends the renewal cycle, gives full rights to live and work, and is the natural step before Spanish nationality.

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Who qualifies

  • Five years of continuous, legal residence in Spain (most residence permits count).
  • You haven't been absent beyond the permitted limits (broadly, no single absence over six months, and not more than ten months in total across the five years).
  • No disqualifying issues with your record.

Time on most residence authorisations counts toward the five years; some statuses count partially. If you've been resident under the Withdrawal Agreement or an arraigo route and you're approaching five years, this is likely your next move.

Why upgrade from a normal TIE

  • No more frequent renewals — long-term status is renewed only every five years and is essentially permanent.
  • Full freedom to work, employed or self-employed, anywhere in Spain.
  • Stronger protection of your residence and easier movement.
  • A clean platform from which to later apply for nationality.
Larga Duración doesn't expire in substance — you renew the card every five years, but the status itself stays with you.

How to apply

The application is filed on form EX-11, with proof of your five years' residence (your padrón histórico and prior TIEs), passport and the fee. Pathway's free diagnostic confirms you're eligible and pre-fills the EX-11.

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Frequently asked questions

How long until I can get permanent residency in Spain?+

Five years of continuous legal residence qualifies you for Residencia de Larga Duración (long-term residence), filed on form EX-11.

How much time can I spend outside Spain?+

Broadly, no single absence longer than six months and no more than ten months total across the five years — longer absences can break continuity. Check the current rules for your situation.

Is Larga Duración the same as nationality?+

No. It's long-term residence, not citizenship. It's usually the step before applying for Spanish nationality, which has its own (longer) residence requirements.

Does Withdrawal Agreement time count toward it?+

Yes — continuous legal residence under the Withdrawal Agreement counts toward the five years for long-term residence.

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